{"id":2284,"date":"2012-04-27T10:25:49","date_gmt":"2012-04-27T10:25:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/?p=2284"},"modified":"2012-04-27T10:25:49","modified_gmt":"2012-04-27T10:25:49","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e7%af%80-%e6%95%b5%e5%9f%ba%e7%9d%a3%e8%80%85%e7%9a%84%e5%9c%8b%e8%88%87%e4%bd%9c%e7%82%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/?p=2284","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc0 \u6575\u57fa\u7763\u8005\u7684\u570b\u8207\u4f5c\u70ba"},"content":{"rendered":"

1.\u5c0f\u89d2\u8207\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u7b2c\u56db\u7378\u7684\u5341\u89d2\u76f8\u6bd4\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u8207\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u5236\u4f0f\u4e09\u738b\u3002\u201d\u4f467:24<\/p>\n

\u6ce8:\u5f9e\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u5ee2\u589f\u4e0a\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u6559\u7687\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5148\u524d\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u52e2\u529b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6559\u52d9\u5c08\u5236\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u81ea\u7a31\u8f44\u7ba1\u4e16\u754c\u5c6c\u9748\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u5169\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u524d\u8005\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u5e38\u5360\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u883b\u65cf\u548c\u963f\u5c3c\u4e9e(Arians)\u4eba\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u2026\u2026\u90fd\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u6559\u662f\u7e7c\u7687\u5e1d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u2026\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u6703\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u96b1\u79d8\u5730\u64fa\u5230\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u5927\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5c0d\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c<\/span>\uff1b\u5e1d\u570b\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6ec5\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6539\u88dd\u3002\u2026\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u2018\u5de7\u8a00\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u6559\u6703\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u6070\u5982\u5176\u5206\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5979\u4ecd\u4e3b\u7ba1\u8457\u591a\u570b\u3002\u2026\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u5275\u8209\uff0c\u8c61\u5927\u5e1d\u570b\u4e00\u6a23\u5c08\u6b0a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u5979\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002\u4ee5\u70ba\u2018\u738b\u2019\u548c\u2018Pontifex Maxinus\u2019\u81ea\u5c45\u7684\u6559\u7687\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u8a72\u6492\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u2014Adolf Harnack\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300b(\u7d10\u7d04\uff1aG\u00b7P\u00b7Putnams Sons\uff0c1903)\u7b2c269\uff0d270\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e0d\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u9032\u5165\u58b3\u5893\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5728\u5e1d\u570b\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5016\u5b58\u3002\u2026\u6700\u7d42\u6703\u8208\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u4e3b\u5b50\u2014\u9084\u4e0d\u53ea\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e43\u8981\u4f5c\u6b50\u6d32\u4e4b\u738b\u3002\u6559\u7687\u8981\u5411\u807d\u5f9e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u570b\u738b\u767c\u865f\u65bd\u4ee4\u3002\u201d\u2014Joseph Trumel\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u6703\u300b(\u7d10\u7d04\uff1aCharles Scribner\u62af Sons\uff0c1915)\uff0c\u524d\u8a00\u7b2c4\u9762<\/p>\n

2.\u7531\u5c0f\u89d2\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6559\u7687\u5c0d\u81f3\u9ad8\u8005\u6709\u4f55\u6575\u5c0d\u614b\u5ea6\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u5411\u81f3\u9ad8\u8005\u8aaa\u8a87\u5927\u7684\u8a71<\/span>\uff0c\u5fc5\u6298\u78e8\u5230\u9ad8\u8005\u7684\u8056\u6c11\uff0c\u5fc5\u60f3\u6539\u8b8a\u7bc0\u671f\u548c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002\u201d\u4f467:25<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u6559\u7687\uff08\u62c9papa\u6216pontifex\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u7a31\u201c\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u7687\u201d\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u968e\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\u8077\u4f4d\u6700\u9ad8\u8005\u7684\u7a31\u8b02\u3002\u897f\u5143756\uff0d1870\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u517c\u4efb\u201c\u6559\u7687\u570b\u7684\u63db\u9996\uff1b1929\u5e74\u517c\u4efb\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u57ce\u570b\u7684\u9996\u8166\u3002\u7531\u6a1e\u6a5f\u4e3b\u6559\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u201c\u6a1e\u6a5f\u4e3b\u6559\u5718\u201d\u9078\u8209\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4efb\u671f\u7d42\u8eab\u3002\u81ea\u7a31\u662f\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u201d\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u201c\u6700\u9ad8\u7ba1\u7406\u6b0a\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u201c\u5728\u502b\u7406\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u6c38\u7121\u8b2c\u8aa4\u201d\u3002papa\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u6e90\u51fa\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587papas,\u610f\u70ba\u201c\u7238\u7238\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6703\u5c0d\u9ad8\u7d1a\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5c0a\u7a31\uff0c\u5728\u6771\u6b63\u6559\u6703\u548c\u6771\u65b9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u53e4\u8001\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\u4ecd\u6709\u7528\u4ee5\u7a31\u795e\u7236\u7684\u3002\u897f\u5143\u56db\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u57ce\u4e3b\u6559\u9010\u6f38\u64f4\u5c55\u52e2\u529b\uff0c\u897f\u5143756\u5e74\u53c8\u5f97\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u570b\u738b\u4e15\u5e73\uff08\u77ee\u5b50\uff09\u6240\u8d08\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u81d8\u842c\u7d0d\u81f3\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u4e00\u5e36\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6559\u7687\u541b\u4e3b\u800c\u64c1\u6709\u4e16\u4fd7\u6b0a\u529b\u300211\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u6771\u897f\u6559\u6703\u5927\u5206\u88c2\u5f8c\uff0cpapa\u4e00\u8a5e\u5728\u897f\u6d3e\u6559\u6703\u7531\u7f85\u99ac\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5c08\u7a31\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u6559\u7687\u7684\u7a31\u865f\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u5236\u8d70\u5411\u5b9a\u578b\u5316\u30021929\u5e74\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u57ce\u570b\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u6210\u70ba\u57ce\u570b\u9996\u8166\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6b0a\u3002\u300a\u8fad\u6d77\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u8fad\u66f8\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\uff09\u7b2c1657\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u4fdd\u7f85\u5728\u8ad6\u5230\u5927\u7f6a\u4eba\u6642\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u4e00\u52e2\u529b\u7684\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u4ed6\u662f\u62b5\u64cb\u4e3b\uff0c\u9ad8\u62ac\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u5207\u7a31\u70ba\u795e\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u5207\u53d7\u4eba\u656c\u62dc\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5750\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6bbf\u88e1\uff0c\u81ea\u7a31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u201d\u5e16\u5f8c2:4<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6240\u9078\u7684\u90fd\u51fa\u81ea\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u81ea\u7f85\u99ac\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6559\u7687\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8056\u7d93\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u57fa\u7763\u7684\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u57fa\u7763\u9ad8\u65bc\u6559\u6703\u7684\u540d\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u90fd\u9069\u65bc\u6559\u7687\u3002\u201d\u2014 Robert Bellarmine\uff0c\u300a\u8ad6\u6703\u8b70\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5a01\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518a\uff0c \u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u662f\u7267\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u6492\u7a2e\u7684\uff1b\u4f60\u662f\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u201d\u2014\u201c\u514b\u88e1\u65af\u591a\u5f17\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u62c9\u7279\u862d\u5927\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u201d\u3002\u9078\u81eaLabbe \u8207Cossarl\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u6703\u5927\u6703\u53f2\u7565\u300b1672\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u5377109\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6559\u7687\u662f\u5730\u4e0a\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u5be9\u5224\u8005\u3002\u2026\u662f\u6c38\u9060\u7684\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u842c\u738b\u4e4b\u738b\uff0c\u842c\u4e3b\u4e4b\u4e3b\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u2014La Civilta Cattolica1871\u5e743\u670818\u65e5\u6458\u65bcLeonard Woolsey Bacon\u8457\u300a\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u8b70\u6703\u900f\u8996\u300b(American Tract Society \u7248) \u7b2c229\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u628a\u8077\u6b0a\u6258\u7d66\u4e86\u4e3b\u6559\uff1b\u2026\u800c\u5929\u4e0a\u5730\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b0a\u67c4\u90fd\u7d66\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\uff1b\u2026\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u2014\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u9019\u6b0a\u67c4\u3002\u201d\u2014Corpus Juris Canonici (1555\u201456ed)Vol\ue0103\uff0cExtravagantes Co mmunes Book1, Chap.1, Col29\uff0c\u8b6f\u81ea\u5c0dPorro Subesse Romano Pontiff \u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u6559\u7687\u5e36\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e09\u5c64\u51a0\u5195\uff0c\u662f\u5929\u4e0a\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u548c\u5730\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u738b\u3002\u201d\u2014\u8b6f\u81eaLucius Ferrasis, Prompta Bibliotheca, \u201cPapa\u201d\uff0c \u7b2c\u4e8c\u689d (1772\u201477\u7248, \u7b2c\u516d\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c26\u9762)<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6240\u6709\u5fe0\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u76f8\u4fe1\u8056\u5f92\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u7687\u6709\u7ba1\u8f44\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u7687\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u5168\u6559\u6703\u4e4b\u9996\uff0c\u773e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\u548c\u6559\u7236\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f92\u4e4b\u738b\uff0c\u8499\u611b\u7684\u5f7c\u5f97\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e3b\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763\u5728\u795d\u798f\u5f7c\u5f97\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u9935\u990a\uff0c\u7763\u7ba1\u6574\u500b\u6559\u6703\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u5168\u90e8\u6b0a\u67c4\u90fd\u8cdc\u7d66\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002\u201d\u2014\u8ad6\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6559\u6703\u7b2c\u4e00\u898f\u689d(Pastor Aeternus\uff0c\u68b5\u8482\u5d17\u8b70\u6703\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1870\u5e74)\uff0c \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff0c\u6458\u81ea\u83f2\u5229\u6d66\u6c99\u592b\uff08Philip Schaff\uff09\u8457,\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u7d93\u201d\uff0c(\u7d10\u7d04\uff1aHaper)\uff0c\u5377\u4e8c\uff0c\u7b2c262\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u5011\u50b3\u8b1b\u4e26\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u689d\u8499\u795e\u8056\u4e4b\u555f\u793a\u7684\u6559\u689d\uff1a\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u7687\u5e36\u8457\u6b0a\u5a01\uff08ex cathedra\uff09\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u6191\u8457\u81f3\u5c0a\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u5c65\u884c\u5168\u9ad4\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u6559\u5e2b\u548c\u7267\u5e2b\u4e4b\u8077\u5206\u6642\uff0c\u9760\u8457\u5728\u8499\u798f\u7684\u5f7c\u5f97\u4e2d\u61c9\u8a31\u7d66\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u8056\u4e4b\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u8a6e\u91cb\u70ba\u666e\u4e16\u6559\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u7fa9\u6642\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6551\u8d16\u4e3b\u9858\u671b\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u6703\u7a1f\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8a6e\u91cb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u7fa9\u6642\u7684\u771f\u78ba\u7121\u8aa4\u6027\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u7687\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\uff0c\u7121\u9700\u5f81\u5f97\u6559\u6703\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u201d\u2014\u540c\u66f8\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c270\uff0c271\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u689d\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e2d\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u9019\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u689d\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u5e0c\u723e\u5fb7\u5e03\u862d\u5fb7\u6559\u8aed\u300b(\u201cDictates of Hildebrand\u201d)\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u7684Hildebrand\u5c31\u662f\u683c\u5217\u9ad8\u5229\u4e03\u4e16\uff08Gregory\u2166\uff0c\u7d041021\uff0d1085\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u897f\u51431073\u5e74\u52301087\u5e74\u4e4b\u6559\u7687\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u6b3e\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c2\ue010 \u60df\u6709\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u7687\u662f\u666e\u4e16\u6555\u5c01\u7684\u3002\u201d
\n\u3000\u3000\u201c6\ue010 \u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u8a31\u8207\u88ab\u6559\u7687\u958b\u9664\u6559\u7c4d\u7684\u4eba\u540c\u4f4f\u4e00\u8655\u3002\u201d
\n\u3000\u3000\u201c9\ue010 \u6240\u6709\u570b\u738b\u53ea\u61c9\u89aa\u543b\u6559\u7687\u7684\u8173\u3002\u201d
\n\u3000\u3000\u201c12\ue010\u6559\u7687\u6709\u6b0a\u7f77\u514d\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u201d
\n\u3000\u3000\u201c18\ue010\u6559\u7687\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8907\u5be9\uff0c\u800c\u60df\u6709\u6559\u7687\u80fd\u8907\u5be9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u3002\u201d
\n\u3000\u3000\u201c19\ue010\u6559\u7687\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5be9\u5224\u3002\u201d
\n\u3000\u3000\u201c22\ue010\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u6703\u5f9e\u672a\u72af\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u72af\u932f\u3002\u201d
\n\u3000\u3000\u201c26\ue010\u4e0d\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u6703\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u70ba\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8b6f\u81eaGesare Baronius, \u300a\u5e74\u9452\u300b, 1076\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c31\u201433\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u537717\ue010(1869\u7248)\u7b2c405\uff0d406\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5217\u9ad8\u5229\u4e03\u4e16\uff08Gregorius VII, 1021-1085\uff09\u3002\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u4eba\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u5e0c\u723e\u5fb7\u5e03\u862d\u5fb7\uff08Hildebrand\uff09,\u66fe\u9818\u5c0e\u201c\u514b\u5442\u5c3c\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u5ba3\u63da\u6559\u7687\u6b0a\u529b\u9ad8\u65bc\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u6b0a\u4efb\u547d\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ee2\u9664\u541b\u738b\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8207\u795e\u8056\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u7687\u5e1d\u4ea8\u5229\u56db\u4e16\u722d\u596a\u4e3b\u6559\u4efb\u514d\u6b0a\uff0c1076\u5e74\u5b9a\u5e03\u9769\u9664\u4ea8\u5229\u6559\u7c4d\u3002\u4ea8\u5229\u7121\u5948\uff0c\u65bc\u6b21\u5e741\u6708\u89aa\u8d74\u5361\u8afe\u838e\uff08Cannossa\uff0c\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8\u57ce\u5821\uff09\u5411\u6559\u7687\u201c\u6094\u7f6a\u201d\u30021084\u5e74\u4ea8\u5229\u9032\u4f54\u7f85\u99ac\uff0c\u683c\u5217\u9ad8\u5229\u51fa\u8d70\uff0c\u6b7b\u65bc\u85a9\u840a\u8afe\u57ce\uff08Salerno,\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5357\u90e8\u897f\u5cb8\u6e2f\u53e3\uff09\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4ed6\u5011\uff08\u7f85\u99ac\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\u5ba3\u7a31\u842c\u7121\u8b2c\u8aa4\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u672c\u662f\u7368\u5c6c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5ba3\u7a31\u6709\u6b0a\u8d66\u7f6a\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7368\u5c6c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5ba3\u7a31\u6709\u6253\u958b\u548c\u95dc\u9589\u5929\u570b\u7684\u6b0a\u67c4\uff0c\u9019\u6b0a\u67c4\u539f\u662f\u7368\u5c6c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u7a31\u4ed6\u5011\u9ad8\u65bc\u4e16\u4e0a\u4e00\u5207\u541b\u738b\u9019\u4e43\u662f\u7368\u5c6c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u3002\u7576\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u738b\u4e0d\u6295\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u597d\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u6de9\u99d5\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u9664\u5168\u570b\u767e\u59d3\u6548\u5fe0\u9019\u4e9b\u570b\u738b\u7684\u8a93\u8a00\uff1b\u800c\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u6c89\u6eba\u4e8e\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6642<\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u893b\u7006\u4e4b\u6700<\/span>\u3002\u201d\u2014\u4e9e\u7576\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff08Adam Clarke\uff09\u8457\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u6ce8\u91cb\u300b\u201c\u8ad6\u4f467:25\u201d<\/p>\n

4.\u5c0f\u89d2\u6703\u600e\u6a23\u5c0d\u5f85\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u767e\u59d3\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u5fc5\u6298\u78e8\u81f3\u9ad8\u8005\u7684\u8056\u6c11<\/span>\u3002\u201d\u4f467:25<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u7570\u7aef\u88c1\u5224\u6240\uff0c\u53c8\u8b6f\u70ba\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u6cd5\u5ead\u201d\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\u5075\u67e5\u548c\u5be9\u5224\u201c\u7570\u7aef\u201d\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u30021220\u8655\u7531\u6559\u7687\u6d2a\u8afe\u7559\u4e09\u4e16\uff08HonoriusIII,?-1227)\u901a\u4ee4\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u59d4\u6d3e\u591a\u660e\u6211\u6703\u6703\u58eb\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u5c0f\u8a31\u65b9\u6fdf\u5404\u6703\u6703\u58eb\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u3001\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7b49\u570b\u3002\u4ee5\u6559\u7687\u70ba\u6700\u9ad8\u9996\u8166\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u5b98\u7531\u6559\u7687\u4efb\u547d\u4e26\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\uff1b\u4e0d\u53d7\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u6a5f\u69cb\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u5236\u7d04\u3002\u6b98\u9177\u93ae\u58d3\u201c\u7570\u7aef\u201d\u548c\u53cd\u5c0d\u5c01\u5efa\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9032\u6b65\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u9032\u884c\u79d8\u5bc6\u5be9\u8a0a\u548c\u56b4\u5211\u62f7\u6253\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8655\u4ee5\u6c92\u6536\u8ca1\u7522\u3001\u76e3\u7981\u3001\u6d41\u653e\u6216\u706b\u5211\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u7570\u7aef\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u5c24\u70ba\u5021\u72c2\uff0c1483\uff0d1820\u5e74\u9593\u53d7\u5176\u8feb\u5bb3\u8005\u7d04\u4e09\u5341\u842c\u4eba\u300216\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u8d77\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6559\u7687\u6b0a\u52e2\u4e0b\u964d\u800c\u8870\u843d\u30021908\u5e74\u6559\u7687\u6539\u7f85\u99ac\u6700\u9ad8\u7570\u7aef\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u70ba\u6559\u5ef7\u201c\u8056\u8077\u90e8\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u89aa\u81ea\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u516c\u4f48\u201c\u7981\u66f8\u76ee\u9304\u201d\uff0c\u5c0d\u53c3\u52a0\u9032\u6b65\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6559\u5f92\u8655\u4ee5\u201c\u7d55\u7f70\u201d\uff08\u958b\u9664\u6559\u85c9\uff09\u3002\uff0d\u300a\u8fad\u6d77\u300b\uff0c\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u8fad\u66f8\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c1215\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7570\u7aef\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u8272\u3002\u7121\u6578\u7684\u5805\u6301\u771f\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u5ead\u7684\u8840\u8165\u93ae\u58d3\u8207\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4fe1\u5f92\u88ab\u5bb3\u81f4\u6b7b\u3002\u50c5\u4ee5\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u7570\u7aef\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002\u64da\u524d\u4efb\u7570\u7aef\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u79d8\u66f8\u9577\u6240\u8457\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7570\u7aef\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u53f2\u8a71<\/span>\uff08\u7b2c583\u9762\u3015\u4e00\u66f8\u6240\u8f09\uff0c\u7576\u5c40\u627f\u8a8d\u50c5\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5c31\u6709\u4e09\u5341\u842c\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u903c\u8feb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d31912\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u706b\u5211\u3002\u6574\u500b\u6b50\u6d32\u6709\u6210\u767e\u842c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u56e0\u4fe1\u4ef0\u800c\u906d\u5230\u6bba\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u6703\u6240\u6d41\u7121\u8f9c\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u8840\uff0c\u9060\u52dd\u904e\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u6240\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u6a5f\u69cb\u6216\u7d44\u7e54\uff1b\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u719f\u77e5\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u5426\u5b9a\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u91cf\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u6703\u903c\u8feb\u7684\u56de\u61b6\u8a18\u5be6\uff0c\u5be6\u96e3\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u5927\u91cf\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u51fa\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u201dLecky\u8457 \u300a\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u300b1910\u5e74\u7248 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c32\u9762\u3002\uff08\u6717\u66fc\u3001\u683c\u6797\u516c\u53f8\u8a31\u53ef\u5f15\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n

5.\u9810\u8a00\u4e2d\u8ad6\u5230\u5c0f\u89d2\u9084\u6703\u6709\u4f55\u52d5\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u5fc5\u60f3\u6539\u8b8a\u7bc0\u671f\u548c\u5f8b\u6cd5<\/span>\u3002\u201d\u4f467:25<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u8ad6\u5230\u6559\u7687\u66f4\u6539\u795e\u8056\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u6b0a\u67c4\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6559\u7687\u6709\u6975\u5927\u4e4b\u6b0a\u67c4\u548c\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\u3001\u6216\u8a6e\u91cb\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3002\u2026\u6559\u7687\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u795e\u8056\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u6b0a\u67c4\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002\u201d \uff0d\uff0d\u8b6f\u81eaLucius Farraris\u8457\u201cPrompta Bibliotheca\u201d,\u201cPapa\u201d, \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5341\u689d\u8aa1\u547d\u4e4b\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\uff0c\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u8cdc\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\u537b\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u6559\u7406\u554f\u7b54\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u65bc\u8056\u7d93\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e2d\u901a\u884c\u7684\u5341\u8aa1\uff0c\u662f\u5df2\u66f4\u6539\u4e26\u4e14\u7531\u6559\u7687\u91cd\u65b0\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5341\u8aa1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u689d\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u5f9e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5341\u8aa1\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5341\u8aa1\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u8aa1\uff0c\u5247\u88ab\u62c6\u6210\u4e8c\u689d\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5341\u8aa1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e5d\u689d\u548c\u7b2c\u5341\u689d\u8aa1\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\u6240\u6458\u9304\u7684\u5c0d\u7b54\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6559\u7687\u66f4\u6539\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c \u548c\u5979\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba3\u7a31\u6709\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u554f\uff1a\u60a8\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5225\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u7bc0\u671f\u5f8b\u4f8b\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7b54\uff1a\u5018\u82e5\u6559\u6703\u7121\u6b64\u6b0a\u67c4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u8207\u5979\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u4e86\uff1a\u5979\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u898f\u5b9a\u7528\u9075\u5b88\u4e03\u65e5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u65e5\u7684\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u4f86\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b88\u7b2c\u4e03\u65e5\u4e4b\u5b89\u606f\u65e5\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u66f4\u6539\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u8056\u7d93\u6839\u64da\u7684\u3002\u201d\u2014Stephe Keenan\uff0c\u300a\u6559\u7406\u554f\u7b54\u300b\u201c\u8ad6\u670d\u5f9e\u6559\u6703\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff0cP174\ue010(Imprimatur\uff0cJohn Cardinal McCloskey\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u4e3b\u6559)<\/p>\n

\u201c\u554f\uff1a\u4f55\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u6559\u6703\u767c\u4f48\u7bc0\u671f\u548c\u5047\u65e5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7b54\uff1a\u4ee5\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u627f\u8a8d\u7684\u628a\u5b89\u606f\u65e5\u6539\u5230\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u9019\u4e00\u8209\u63aa\uff1b\u800c\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u81ea\u5df1\u537b\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u6975\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u96d6\u5b88\u661f\u671f\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u53c8\u9055\u80cc\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u6559\u6703\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7bc0\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u554f\uff1a\u4f55\u4ee5\u898b\u5f97\u5462\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7b54\uff1a\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u9075\u5b88\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\u6559\u6703\u6709\u8a2d\u7acb\u7bc0\u65e5\u7684\u6b0a\u67c4\uff0c\u6709\u6b0a\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7f6a\uff1a\u800c\u4e0d\u5b88\u6559\u6703\u9812\u4f48\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc0\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u53c8\u5426\u8a8d\u4e86\u9019\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6b0a\u67c4\u3002\u201d\u2014Henry Tuberville\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u7fa9\u7c21\u7b54\u300b\uff0c \u7b2c58\u9762\ue010<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u300a\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u300b\u8b80\u5230\u300a\u555f\u793a\u9304\u300b\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u53e5\u5c07\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u8056\u7684\u7d93\u7bc0\u3002\u8056\u7d93\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u661f\u671f\u516d\u70ba\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u65e5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u537b\u5f9e\u672a\u5c07\u9019\u4e00\u5929\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u8056\u201d\u3002\u2014James Cardinal Gibbon,\u300a\u5148\u7956\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u300b(1917 \u7248)\u7b2c72\uff0d73\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

6.\u81f3\u9ad8\u8005\u7684\u8056\u5f92\uff0c\u7bc0\u671f\u548c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u88ab\u4ea4\u5728\u5c0f\u89d2\u624b\u88e1\u5230\u4f55\u6642\u70ba\u6b62\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u8056\u6c11\u5fc5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4ed6\u624b\u4e00\u8f09\u3001\u4e8c\u8f09\u3001\u534a\u8f09<\/span>\u3002\u201d\u4f467:25<\/p>\n

7.\u9084\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u9810\u8a00\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u65bc\u662f\u6709\u5927\u9df9\u7684\u5169\u500b\u7fc5\u8180\u8cdc\u7d66\u5a66\u4eba\uff0c\u53eb\u5979\u80fd\u98db\u5230\u66e0\u91ce\uff0c\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8eb2\u907f\u90a3\u86c7\uff1b\u5979\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u88ab\u990a\u6d3b\u4e00\u8f09\u4e8c\u8f09\u534a\u8f09<\/span>\u3002\u201d\u555f12:4\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u201c\u53c8\u8cdc\u7d66\u4ed6\u8aaa\u8a87\u5927\u893b\u7006\u8a71\u7684\u53e3\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u6b0a\u67c4\u8cdc\u7d66\u4ed6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u800c\u884c\u56db\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u6708<\/span>\u3002\u201d\u555f13:5(\u53e6\u898b\u555f11:2)<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5a66\u4eba\u5c31\u9003\u5230\u66e0\u91ce\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7d66\u5979\u9810\u5099\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u88ab\u990a\u6d3b\u4e00\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u516d\u5341\u5929<\/span>\u3002\u201d\u555f12:6<\/p>\n

8.\u5728\u9810\u8a00\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b54\uff1a\u4e00\u5e74\u3002(\u6c1114:34)<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e03\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\uff0c\u548c\u555f\u793a\u9304\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9810\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u7269\u4ef6\u548c\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0d\u771f\u4eba\u3001\u771f\u4e8b\u3001\u771f\u7269\u7684\u4fee\u8fad\u6027\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u9810\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u662f\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7d504:6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\u70ba\u56db\u5341\u65e5\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u65e5\u9802\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f467\u30018\u7ae0\u88e1\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u843d\u20141260\u5929\u548c2300\u65e5\u2014\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c0d\u61c9\u7b26\u5408\u4efb\u4f55\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u9593\u9577\u77ed\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6578\u4f4d\u662f\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u90192300\u65e5\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f469\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684490\u5e74\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c2300\u65e5\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4f86\u8003\u616e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9810\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8f09\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5e74(\u4f4611:3)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e09\u8f09\u534a\u5c31\u662f\u4e09\u5e74\u534a\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc42\u500b\u6708\u3002\u4e00\u9810\u8a00\u5e74\u70ba360\u5929\u300112\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u6bcf\u670830\u3002\u5728\u8056\u7d93\u9810\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e00\u5929\u9802\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u6bb5\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u5c0f\u89d2\u2014\u6559\u7687\u2014\u638c\u7ba1\u8056\u6c11\u3001\u7bc0\u671f\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u662f1260\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u512a\u58eb\u4e01\u5c3c\u5b89\uff08Justinian\uff0c\u67e5\u58eb\u4e01\u5c3c\uff0c483\uff0d565\uff09\u65bc\u897f\u5143533\u5e74\u767c\u4f48\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u627f\u8a8d\u6559\u7687\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u8056\u6559\u6703\u7684\u982d\u3002\u201d(\u300a\u512a\u58eb\u4e01\u5c3c\u5b89\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b)\uff0c\u4e94\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u897f\u5143538\u5e74\uff0cOstrogoths\u5728\u570d\u653b\u7f85\u99ac\u6230\u5f79\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u7d71\u6cbb\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7684\u963f\u88e1\u70cf\u65af(Arian)\u52e2\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u6253\u64ca\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u6559\u7687\u738b\u6b0a\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u986f\u8457\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u897f\u5143538\u5e74\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba1260\u5e74\u4e4b\u9810\u8a00\u7684\u958b\u982d\uff0c\u800c\u7d50\u5c3e\u5c31\u5230\u4e861789\u5e74\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u6559\u7687\u738b\u6b0a\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u8ecd\u968a\u9032\u99d0\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\uff0c\u57281798\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u5c07\u6559\u7687\u6295\u5165\u76e3\u7262\uff0c\u6d41\u653e\u5728\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u7684\u74e6\u502b\u65af\uff08Valence\uff09\uff0c\u6b7b\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u6b7b\u4ea1\u76841798\u5e74\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u9019\u500b\u9810\u8a00\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\u5230\u76841260\u5e74\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

9.\u5c0f\u89d2\u7d42\u6703\u906d\u9047\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u547d\u904b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u7136\u800c\u5be9\u5224\u8005\u5fc5\u5750\u8457\u884c\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6b0a\u67c4\u5fc5\u88ab\u596a\u53bb\uff0c\u6bc0\u58de\uff0c\u6ec5\u7d55\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5e95<\/span>\u3002\u201d\u4f467:26<\/p>\n

10.\u6b0a\u67c4\u6700\u7d42\u8981\u6b78\u8ab0\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u570b\u5ea6\u3001\u6b0a\u67c4\uff0c\u548c\u5929\u4e0b\u8af8\u570b\u7684\u5927\u6b0a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8cdc\u7d66\u81f3\u9ad8\u8005\u7684\u8056\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u570b\u662f\u6c38\u9060\u7684<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u638c\u6b0a\u7684\u90fd\u5fc5\u4e8b\u5949\u4ed6\uff0c\u9806\u5f9e\u4ed6\u3002\u201d\u4f467:27<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1.\u5c0f\u89d2\u8207\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u7b2c\u56db\u7378\u7684\u5341\u89d2\u76f8\u6bd4\u5982\u4f55\uff1f \u201c\u8207\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u5236\u4f0f\u4e09\u738b\u3002\u201d\u4f467:24 \u6ce8:\u5f9e\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u5ee2\u589f\u4e0a Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"close","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[32],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2284"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2284"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2284\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2285,"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2284\/revisions\/2285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sscsda.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}